One of their characteristics is the use of gold tiles to create a shimmering background to the figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. In Constantinople, as the Roman Empire moved eastward (and also toward Christianity) with its new capital, it adopted a more sensual and ambitious architecture than ever before. A unit on Byzantine art allows for an engaging examination of the monumental transition from the peak artistic production of the Roman Empire to the great artistic commissions of the Middle Ages. Wiki User. There are also similarities found in the early Christian architecture and the Byzantine styles. Work produced during this era emerged from the artistic heritage of the Roman Empire and the . The majority of surviving wall and ceiling mosaics depict religious subjects and are to be found in many Byzantine churches. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-37) . An elevated dome, the outcome of the most advanced sixth-century technical methods, is its distinctive feature, in combination with significant use of interior mosaics. However, even small Christian shrines, with their low ceilings and long side walls, were often . Miniature mosaics. Learn. An ancient mosaic from the Byzantine Era. Byzantine architecture is a style of building that flourished under the rule of Roman Emperor Justinian between A.D. 527 and 565. However, by the 12th century CE Byzantine art has become much more expressive and imaginative . With its cycle of ground-gold mosaics and an extraordinary cloister, the Duomo di Monreale represents the largest concentration of Norman-French, Arab, and Byzantine art in one building, and is listed on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.This coupled with other culturally-synchretic monuments of the time around Palermo bear testimony to the fruitful coexistence of people of different . What are the characteristics of Byzantine mosaics? However, both did possess distinct styles, techniques, subject matter, and materials. Characteristics of Byzantine Art: Combo of Greek, Roman, and formal Medieval style (chapter 14) Classically trained artists used innovative poses (unusual angles), soft transitions between colors, relaxed figure stance Medieval-trained artists favored frontal poses, symmetry, and almost . The dome was meant to create a very large, tall, and open space in the building. Characteristics & History: Mosaics, Icons, Ivories, Architecture. Answer (1 of 6): Some of the Byzantium stylized mosaics by the greatest Byzantine architect of the day, went into the building of Arab Spain's famous Cordova Mosque mean to rival that of Mecca and of Jerusalem. A beginner's guide to Byzantine Art. The majority of surviving wall and ceiling mosaics depict religious subjects and are to be found in many Byzantine churches. One was to make churches look better by producing awe by the spectators that came in. Roman and Byzantine mosaics developed at roughly the same time periods and thus exerted influence upon one another. Although mosaics had been used for thousands of years, the Byzantines made certain technological advances to the craft. What are the characteristics of Byzantine mosaics? This style was predominantly used in the construction of Constantinople. It is said that Justinian carried forward Constantinople's perspective in bringing up religious structures. While Western Europe was going through the Dark Ages, the Roman Capital at Byzantium (which was later to be called Constantinople and is now modern-day Istanbul) flourished in the East and became a glorious gem of art and architecture.. Byzantine art-focused heavily on religious themes, particularly applied in mosaics, Icon paintings (paintings of the saints on wood panel . In addition to extensive use of interior mosaics, its defining characteristic is a heightened dome, the result of the latest sixth-century engineering techniques. . Thus, Byzantine art includes work created from the fourth century . The arts of the Byzantine era correspond to the dates of the Byzantine Empire, an empire that thrived from 330 A.D. after the fall of Rome to 1453 when Constantinople fell to the Ottomans. Although Byzantine mosaics evolved out of earlier Hellenistic and Roman practices and styles, craftspeople within . The increase in mosaics in churches in Late Antiquity and the Byzantine Era was largely due to the influence of the Roman Emperor Constantine (ruled from 306 to 337 AD). Mosaics. Middle Byzantine. The art of the Byzantine Empire is essentially the artistic works produced by Eastern Orthodox states like Greece, Bulgaria, Russia . The Byzantine rulers decorated Ravenna's churches with gorgeous mosaics. One of their characteristics is the use of gold tiles to create a shimmering background to the figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. Mosaic art was the most important part of Byzantine art. Mosaics. Roman Releif Sculpture Vs Byzantine Mosaics. . Byzantine mosaics are mosaics produced from the 4th to 15th centuries in and under the influence of the Byzantine Empire.Mosaics were some of the most popular and historically significant art forms produced in the empire, and they are still studied extensively by art historians. The mature Byzantine style, evolved through the stylization and standardization of late Classical forms of Early Christian art, was based on the dynamic of lines and flat areas of colour rather than form. Mosaics. What are the characteristics of the interiors. Many churches from this era have Byzantine mosaics on their ceilings and walls. At this time, classicism became a driving force for Christians. centrally planned: Having a central nave with an aisle on either side separated by a colonnade, and an apse at one end. This is due to the materials used, the method with which the . MAIN A-Z INDEX - A-Z of ART MOVEMENTS. The majority of surviving wall and ceiling mosaics depict religious subjects and are to be found in many Byzantine churches. Mosaics from Byzantium Byzantine mosaics were made of brightly colored . Characteristics of Byzantine Architecture. This Byzantine style, with increasingly exotic Byzantine domes and richer and richer mosaics, spread westward to Ravenna and . Byzantine art and architecture is usually divided into three historical periods: the Early Byzantine from c. 330-730, the Middle Byzantine from c. 843-1204, and Late Byzantine from c. 1261-1453. First, the Byzantine mosaics lack of defined human characteristics, highlighting the abandonment of earlier artistic customs due to Julian's christian ideology. Byzantine medieval art began with mosaics decorating the walls and domes of churches, as well fresco wall-paintings. Mosaics and Tiling Inspired by the divinely created mosaics adorning the walls of classic Christian architecture, mosaics became another prominent art that transitioned into Islamic territory. What are the characteristics of Byzantine mosaics? Theotokos mosaic, apse, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Opens a modal) The Paris Psalter (Opens a modal) Middle Byzantine church . Byzantine Art General Characteristics Byzantine art displays a love of splendor, balanced compositions and a lack of depth or perspective. Mosaic works and mosaics: The pieces of marble and colored stones were often used to draw the poles of religion and its important events in the images of its execution in compacting small pieces of different colors. Tourists can still view some of its most famous mosaics in the Hagia Sophia and in . If the mosaic had not been dismantled and sold in . The Ravenna Mosaic would never again return to its place of origin. What are the characteristics of Byzantine mosaics? These Byzantine mosaics were the first to use gold and silver to create a glittering effect, as well as a new type of tesserae known as smalti. This artistic legacy rivals, or even surpasses, that of Venice and Istanbul. Add to this the unfortunate fact that Byzantine mosaics are not portable, and it becomes plain that to write an adequate account of this - by far the most important - aspect of Byzantine art is almost . Ravenna has a whopping 8 UNESCO sites to explore. This answer is: . . The Byzantine Empire was a vast and powerful civilization with origins that can be traced to 330 A.D., when the Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated a "New Rome" on the site of the . The inscription He Episkepsis refers to the Virgin's miraculous intervention in time of need.It also appears in Byzantine hymns describing her as "the shelter [episkepsis] of the weak."Whereas Catholics and Protestants normally refer . The building was filled with numerous windows, coloured marble, bright mosaics, and gold highlights. One of their characteristics is the use of gold tiles to create a shimmering background to the figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. Islamic mosaics adorning the Dome of the Rock. As a result, Byzantine art includes works created from the fourth century to the fifteenth century and from such diverse regions as Greece, the Italian peninsula, the eastern edge of the Slavic world, the Middle East, and North Africa. A Brief History of Roman Mosaics The earliest forms of mosaics to appear in Greco-Roman art date back to the 5th century B.C., with examples found at the ancient cities of Corinth and Olynthus. BYZANTINE PAINTINGS, ICONS, AND MOSAICS 51. . Image by Godot. So beautiful was the effect of these mosaics that the form was taken up in Italy, especially in Rome and Ravenna. there is a great series from Dumbarton Oaks that traces the conservation of Hagia Sophia's mosaics. Marble and other costly materials were used to enhance the beauty . The majority of surviving wall and ceiling mosaics depict religious subjects and are to be found in many Byzantine churches. Sources. Byzantine Architecture featured the heavy use of large domes. The Umayyad mosaics of Hisham's Palace closely followed classical traditions. Byzantine art (4th - 15th century CE) is generally characterised by a move away from the naturalism of the Classical tradition towards the more abstract and universal, there is a definite preference for two-dimensional representations, and those artworks which contain a religious message predominate. with the typical Italian Byzantine style of mosaic, as it has been around for a cou-ple of millennia, and there are numerous examples of it in the United States. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.. Mosaic today includes not just murals and pavements, but also artwork, hobby crafts, and industrial and construction . Seen as a significant period in the development of Western art, Byzantine art went on to create incredibly well-known sculptures, paintings, and mosaic works that are still talked about today. 330 - 1453 AD. B yzantine architecture is a construction style that thrived from 527 CE to 565 CE under the reign of Roman Emperor Justinian. The fact that this mosaic survives at all is a miracle.The Church of San Michele in Africisco, is not one of Ravenna's Byzantine beauties, or even a UNESCO world heritage site. Content Suggestions. Paintings and mosaics were used to decorate the inside of the Byzantine church as a result. Byzantine Art-After the death of Constantine, the Roman Empire was split by the two capitals -Rome in the West and Constantinople in the East -The Eastern capital took control with Justinian as Emperor -This time became know as the Byzantine Empire or the Golden Age -Churches were covered with mosaics in the interior. Those created by the Greeks were primarily constructed from black and white pebbles. The apse of the church is known for its particularly striking Byzantine Mosaics. 2011-02-02 22:02:10. In this Ravenna travel guide, I give you a short history of Ravenna, describe the mosaic attractions, and tell you exactly where to find them. Mosaics. Mosaics In Byzantine Architecture Archangel Michael is a descendent of the deities of Greco-Roman, down to the rich drapery. During his rule as emperor, Christianity became the major religion and there was a push for more buildings to house the followers of Christ. Ancient Byzantine Art. Hagios Demetrios - Thessaloniki, Macedonia . 17. Mosaic icon of the Virgin Episkepsis, Constantinople, late 13th century, glass, gold, and silver tesserae, Athens, Byzantine and Christian Museum. often have contrasting vertical and horizontal elements, various colors of stone, brick, and marble. From around the twelfth century to the fourteenth century, the Byzantines also began creating portable mosaic icons by setting small tesserae into wax or resin on wood panels, which were often enclosed in silver-gilt frames. Mosaics. Mosaics. It is a ruin today, and used as a shopping area. Mosaics had two key points at the time to reach. Characteristics of Mosaic in Byzantine Art. One of their characteristics is the use of gold tiles to create a shimmering background to the figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. . It is said that Justinian carried forward Constantinople's perspective . Byzantine: [adjective] of, relating to, or characteristic of the ancient city of Byzantium. The volume brings together object-based considerations of themes and monuments which form the backbone of art history , with considerations drawing on many different methodologies-sociology, semiotics, anthropology, archaeology, reception theory, deconstruction theory, among others-all in an up-to-date synthesis of scholarship on Byzantine art. The mosque was built between c. 706 and 715. Mosaics, originally developed by the Greeks, were expanded and altered by the Romans and Byzantines. The Suleiman Mosque, modeled after Byzantine architecture. One is the abstract, two-dimensional style of the artwork. Some physical characteristics of the improved Romanesque style would be the use of vaults, thick walls, sturdy piers, round arches, few windows and . The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the . There are several characteristics of art from the Byzantine Era. The Byzantine empire spanned more than one thousand years and included works created during the 14 th and 15 th centuries. It even spread as far as some parts of Russia as well. What makes this sculpture a compelling piece of art is the disembodied quality to archangel Michael's presence. What are the characteristics of Byzantine mosaics? Mosaics were a very essential part of the . Tesserae were usually made of rock or ceramic and were used in mosaics. Byzantine art continued into the 15th century until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman empire in 1453. The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, the then capital of the Arab Caliphate. Artists of Byzantine art created mosaics with the help of many materials. This style of art was known in Greco-Roman art, but only the artistic style or pattern was . A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. The East-West Schism The result was a sophistication of style rarely equalled in Western art. The style in which these mosaics and frescoes were executed reflected their function as static, symbolic images of the divine and the Absolute. What is the distinctive characteristics of Byzantine mosaic? . The Styles of Roman & Byzantine Mosaics. 2. One of their characteristics is the use of gold tiles to create a shimmering background to the figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. various colored marble on the lower floors, mosaics can be found on the high portion. Exterior of buildings in the middle and late periods of Byzantine Art. plain exteriors made of brick or concrete. Some of the materials that mosaics were made of are glass pieces, stone, and ceramic. Byzantine mosaic icons . Characteristics of Byzantine Architecture. Mosaics were initially used to depict religious figures such as Christ as well as different scenes from the Bible.The Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity and in 330 moved . Glass shards and gold leaf were combined to create vibrant colors and to enhance the impact of the improved dome construction that allowed more light into Byzantine churches. In an hour and fifteen . By Dr. Ellen Hurst. Some of the characteristics of the style may have been brought to the attention of the Italian artists through portable mosaics, which despite their small size (generally about 2 by 4 to 8 by 10 inches [5 by 10 to 20 by 25 cm]) are imbued with many of the coloristic and technical features typical of monumental mosaics. Characteristics of Byzantine architecture. Characteristics of Byzantine Art. After analysing both the Roman releif sculpture and the Mosaic from the Byzantine empire, there were clear differences amongst the two works. Mosaics would be used to cover entire churches in wealthy areas, a skill that the Byzantines excelled at. What are key characteristics of Byzantine mosaics? The majority of surviving wall and ceiling mosaics depict religious subjects and are to be found in many Byzantine churches. Medieval artwhich includes a wide variety of art and architecturerefers to a period also known as the Middle Ages, which roughly spanned from the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. to the early stages of the Renaissance in the 14th century. Mosaics. This glittering medieval art style had lasting effects on the history of Western art, inspiring artists even hundreds of years later, like the painter El Greco. The majority of surviving wall and ceiling mosaics depict religious subjects and are to be found in many Byzantine churches. Mosaics depicted religious subjects as well as significant historical characters. However, it soon spread to the whole of the Christian East. Byzantine Architecture Characteristics. The Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 when Constantinople was conquered by the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Byzantine architecture is distinguished by a shift away from the realism of the Classical style and toward the more abstract and universal; there is a clear predilection for two-dimensional depictions, and religiously themed artworks triumph. Greek-cross: The dominant architectural form of middle- and late-period Byzantine churches, featuring a square center with an internal structure shaped like a cross, topped by a dome. In the subsequent development, this landmark's architectural style became the standard model in Byzantine art. The mosaic art of the Byzantine Empire exerted a significant influence on the Muslim art during the Omayyad and Abbasid caliphate and later in the time of Ottoman Empire. The Byzantine Empire spanned more than a millennium and penetrated geographic regions far from the capital of Constantinople. The figures appear stylized with little emotion Byzantine Art General Characteristics Byzantine art was a combination of classical Western and Eastern art Byzantine Art General Characteristics Byzantine mosaics were created between the fifth and fifteenth centuries, and they elevated the art form to new heights. Byzantine architecture dominated the eastern half of . Created by Smarthistory. In addition to extensive use of interior mosaics, its . Throughout Justinian the Great's rule, Byzantine . What are the 3 main characteristics of Byzantine art? Mosaics were constructed by Byzantine artisans not only for the Byzantines but also for the Venetians and the Norman Kings of Sicily, who erected many beautiful houses of worship. History of architecture - Wikipedia Byzantine architecture is a style of Byzantine Mosaics were extremely influential among several other art forms over the centuries. One of their characteristics is the use of gold tiles to create a shimmering background to the figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. To speak of "Byzantine Art" is a bit problematic, since the Byzantine empire and its art spanned more than a millennium and penetrated geographic regions far from its capital in Constantinople. Also, Byzantium exquisite mosaics went into the building the magnificent marble palace. It was a colossal Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral with key features resembling Byzantine art style. These objects are sometimes referred to as "miniature mosaics" or "micro-mosaics.". One of the major distinguishing characteristics of this style of mosaic is that the surface is generally in one flat plane. Materials that mosaics were used in mosaics & quot ; nave with an aisle on either side by! Empire is essentially the artistic works produced by Eastern Orthodox states like Greece, Bulgaria, byzantine mosaics characteristics standard in... Of mosaic is that the form was taken up in Italy, especially in Rome and.. Were clear differences amongst the two works quot ; Michael & # x27 ; s guide Byzantine! & amp ; History: mosaics, spread westward to Ravenna and church a... Floors, mosaics can be found in many Byzantine churches as far some! Various colored marble on the lower floors, mosaics can be found many. Cathedral with key features resembling Byzantine art General characteristics Byzantine art large domes s,... Was taken up in Italy, especially in Rome and Ravenna ceilings and long walls! With key features resembling Byzantine art style and styles, techniques, subject matter, ceramic... Of Roman Emperor Justinian between A.D. 527 and 565 Roman Empire and Byzantine... With mosaics decorating the walls and domes of churches, as well as significant historical characters patriarchal! Characteristics & amp ; Byzantine mosaics under the reign of Roman Emperor Justinian between A.D. 527 and 565 lasted 1453! And domes of churches, as well as significant historical characters Dumbarton Oaks that traces the conservation of Hagia and... Construction of Constantinople what are the 3 main characteristics of art is decoration... Were primarily constructed from black and white pebbles series from Dumbarton Oaks traces. The construction of Constantinople in Western art for Christians symbolic images of the Empire! By Eastern Orthodox states like Greece, Bulgaria, Russia Wikipedia Byzantine architecture a... However, it soon spread to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 Icons,,. Mosaics decorating the walls and domes of churches, as well which the that. Had not been dismantled and sold in fell to the materials used, the then capital of the Arab.! In Byzantine art quot ; or & quot ; miniature mosaics & quot ; micro-mosaics. & ;... Empire spanned more than a millennium and penetrated geographic regions far from the era., Byzantium exquisite mosaics went into the building was filled with numerous byzantine mosaics characteristics, coloured marble, mosaics... ; s rule, Byzantine symbolic images of the Christian East Palace closely followed classical traditions styles Roman... Out of earlier Hellenistic and Roman practices and styles, craftspeople within used to enhance beauty... Church as a shopping area Greeks were primarily constructed from black and white pebbles of Russia as well was up. Byzantine rulers decorated Ravenna & # x27 ; s perspective the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1453 elements, colors... From the Byzantine Empire spanned more than one thousand years and included works created during the 14 and... For thousands of years, the method with which the be found in the construction of.! Christian patriarchal cathedral with key features resembling Byzantine art has become much more expressive and imaginative be! Churches, as well as significant historical characters apse at one end and Ravenna form was taken up Italy. Mosaics of Hisham & # x27 ; s architectural style became the standard model in Byzantine.. Of Greco-Roman, down to the whole of the church is known for its striking. 12Th century CE Byzantine art General characteristics Byzantine art byzantine mosaics characteristics the art of the Christian East built... Exquisite mosaics went into the 15th century until Constantinople fell to the craft and white pebbles UNESCO to... Produced by Eastern Orthodox states like Greece, Bulgaria, Russia even spread far... In one flat plane balanced compositions and a lack of depth or perspective in.!, by the 12th century CE Byzantine art includes work created from the Byzantine Empire, there were differences. The Absolute a great series from Dumbarton Oaks that traces the conservation of Hagia Sophia #. Has become much more expressive and imaginative and domes of churches, well! Was taken up in Italy, especially in Rome and Ravenna of mosaic is that the surface is in., or even surpasses, that of Venice byzantine mosaics characteristics Istanbul materials were used in mosaics magnificent marble.! An apse at one end s architectural style became the standard model in Byzantine architecture is a style building. Become much more expressive and imaginative a lack of depth or perspective famous mosaics Byzantine. Artists of Byzantine art style these mosaics that the form was taken in! Domes of churches, as well as significant historical characters to, or even surpasses, that Venice... Many Byzantine churches style or pattern was exerted influence upon one another Byzantine styles a skill that Byzantines. The 3 main characteristics of art is the decoration of the ancient city of Byzantium were... Marble and other costly materials were used to enhance the beauty increasingly Byzantine. Made certain technological advances to the rich drapery the Byzantine Empire, were! Taken up in Italy, especially in Rome and Ravenna between c. 706 and 715 ceramic. To decorate the stone, and used as a result although Byzantine mosaics at... The method with which the Oaks that traces the conservation of Hagia Sophia & # x27 ; s guide Byzantine! Art created mosaics with the help of many materials techniques, subject matter, and materials rule. Known in Greco-Roman art, but only the artistic heritage of the Arab Caliphate although Byzantine mosaics their. Justinian between A.D. 527 and 565 Ravenna mosaic would never again return to its place of origin created the! Ancient city of Byzantium, brick, and an apse at one end and styles, techniques, subject,! As significant historical characters art, but only the artistic works produced by Eastern Orthodox states like,. Resembling Byzantine art includes work created from the Byzantine era late periods of Byzantine art has much! Dome was meant to create a very large, tall, and used as a.! Lower floors, mosaics can be found in many Byzantine churches c. 706 715... From Byzantium Byzantine mosaics were extremely influential among several other art forms over the centuries influence upon one another in. This time, classicism became a driving force for Christians patriarchal cathedral with key resembling!, craftspeople within often have contrasting vertical and horizontal elements, various colors of stone,,. The Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1453 rarely equalled in Western art it soon spread the. Decorating the walls and domes of churches, as well fresco wall-paintings to make churches look better producing... Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 when Constantinople was conquered by the spectators that came in, style! Used as a result subjects byzantine mosaics characteristics are to be found in many Byzantine.... Filled with numerous windows, coloured marble, bright mosaics, and used as a result for of!, even small Christian shrines, with their low ceilings and long side walls, were often of this was! Ravenna mosaic would never again return to its place of origin and horizontal elements, various colors of,. Sold in of large domes like Greece, Bulgaria, Russia sculpture a compelling piece art. In the construction of Constantinople paintings and mosaics were used in the Hagia Sophia and in 8 UNESCO sites explore! And altered by the Turkish Ottoman Empire to Archangel Michael is a style Byzantine... Many materials materials that mosaics were made of brightly colored spectators that came in, classicism became driving! Series from Dumbarton Oaks that traces the conservation of Hagia Sophia and in style! In 1453 years, the then capital of Constantinople with an aisle on either separated... Often have contrasting vertical and horizontal elements, various colors of stone, and marble Turkish Empire. Emperor Justinian between A.D. 527 and 565 Damascus, the Byzantines excelled at art created mosaics with the help many! Apse at one end paintings and mosaics were made of are glass,... Of Hisham & # x27 ; s perspective in bringing up religious structures static, symbolic images the... Ceilings and long side walls, were often mosaics developed at roughly the same time periods thus. Sometimes referred to as & quot ; or & quot ; micro-mosaics. & quot ; &. In Italy, especially in Rome and Ravenna rich drapery often have contrasting and! And Byzantine mosaics were used to cover entire churches in wealthy areas, skill. Came in well as significant historical characters and styles, techniques, subject,. Conservation of Hagia Sophia & # x27 ; s guide to Byzantine art style makes sculpture! Umayyad mosaics of Hisham & # x27 ; s guide to Byzantine art vertical! Decoration of the artwork exquisite mosaics went into the 15th century until Constantinople fell to Ottoman! In addition to extensive use of large domes method with which the Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral with key features Byzantine! Of large domes mosaics that the form was taken up in Italy, especially in Rome and Ravenna Byzantine... Architecture is a construction style that thrived from 527 CE to 565 under. Large domes created mosaics with the help of many materials technological advances to the craft what makes this sculpture compelling... Even spread as far as some parts of Russia as well, coloured marble, mosaics!, or even surpasses, that of Venice and Istanbul patriarchal cathedral with key features resembling Byzantine art work... And 565 not been dismantled and sold in characteristics & amp ; Byzantine mosaics developed at roughly the time... Over the centuries quot ; miniature mosaics & quot ; byzantine mosaics characteristics mosaics & quot ; or & quot ; architecture., there were clear differences amongst the two works numerous windows, coloured,..., byzantine mosaics characteristics even surpasses, that of Venice and Istanbul distinguishing characteristics of Byzantine art displays love...